Ordinary industrial solid waste — production scrap, packaging, rejected materials, non-hazardous sludge — is the largest share of a factory’s waste by volume yet usually the most loosely managed, because it is not ‘dangerous’ like hazardous waste. That looseness creates the most-fined errors: no sorting, hazardous waste mixed in, over-long storage and handover to unclear-capability collectors.
The ordinary industrial solid waste management frame
- Sorting at source is the first duty — Environmental Protection Law 72/2020/QH14 (Articles 71 to 77) and Decree 08/2022/ND-CP (as amended by Decree 05/2025/ND-CP): industrial solid waste must be sorted at source into reusable and recyclable groups, hazardous waste separated strictly, and a treatment-bound group — mixing hazardous waste into ordinary waste makes the whole batch managed as hazardous.
- Storage has conditions and practical time limits — on-site waste storage areas must meet technical requirements (impermeable floors, covering, signage, zoning) and waste may not accumulate indefinitely: the factory needs scheduled transfers to collectors and treaters so storage never becomes a spontaneous dump.
- Reuse and recycling are encouraged and valuable — valuable scrap (metal, plastic, paper, pallets) is sold to lawful collectors and recyclers; the company must ensure the receiver is a functioning operator and keep transfer documents as part of the factory’s waste file.
- Sanctions target basic management errors — Decree 45/2022/ND-CP fines failure to sort, non-compliant storage, transfer to unqualified units and illegal dumping — the error group most often caught in site inspections.
Designing the factory’s solid waste system
- Build a waste-stream register by workshop (type, code, monthly volume, generation point) and place sorting bins and zones at generation points instead of re-sorting at the central store.
- Contract collection and treatment per stream: recyclable scrap to qualified buyers, treatment-bound waste to suitably licensed treaters, hazardous waste through its separate channel — each with its own documents.
- Audit quarterly in-house: reconcile generated volumes, transferred volumes and stored inventory to catch management leaks before inspectors do.
Industrial solid waste is a material-flow governance problem, not just ‘taking out the trash’. FDI factories that sort properly at source, contract per stream and reconcile volumes quarterly turn waste into scrap revenue and a clean compliance file; factories that throw everything into one shared store accumulate fine risk in the quietest possible way.
Frequently asked questions
How is industrial solid waste sorted?
At source into reusable and recyclable groups, hazardous waste (strictly separated) and a treatment-bound group, under Environmental Protection Law 72/2020 and Decree 08/2022/ND-CP.
How long can waste be stored at the factory?
In technically compliant storage areas with scheduled transfers under treatment contracts — never indefinite accumulation; hazardous waste carries its own limit of no more than one year on site.
What is the fine for not sorting?
Fines under Decree 45/2022/ND-CP for failure to sort, non-compliant storage or transfer to unqualified units, scaled by act and violator type.
This article has been quality-reviewed by the FLAW AI Legal Council
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