California’s CCPA vs Vietnam’s Personal Data Protection Law
California’s CCPA gives consumers the right to opt out of data sales and to sue directly over breaches; Vietnam’s Law 91/2025 centres on consent with no revenue thresholds.…
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Foreign Investment
DPOs and Data Breach Reporting: Roles, Duties and the Response Playbook
When data leaks, the clock starts: 72 hours under the GDPR, and prompt notification under Law 91/2025. The data-protection officer holds that clock — this is their playbook.…
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GDPR vs Vietnam’s Personal Data Protection Law: A Full Comparison
The EU’s GDPR and Vietnam’s Personal Data Protection Law 91/2025 share DNA — but differ in the details that decide. Businesses in both places need a comparison map…
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CIT Incentives for New FDI Projects: Holidays, Cuts and the Global Minimum Tax Cap
A 4-year holiday, then 50% cuts for 9 more years — Vietnam’s CIT incentives still look attractive on paper. But with the 15% global minimum tax, large groups…
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Permanent Establishment in Vietnam: When Foreign Businesses Get Taxed
A foreign company with no Vietnamese legal entity can still face Vietnamese corporate income tax — if deemed to have a “permanent establishment” (PE). PE is the line…
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EV Batteries: Hungary as the ‘Gateway to the EU’, Vietnam as the ‘Gateway to Asia’
Hungary has become a destination for Asian EV-battery plants targeting the EU market; Vietnam builds a battery chain from minerals to electric vehicles for Asian markets. Two positions,…
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EU Pay Transparency: An Implementation Playbook for Groups and Vietnamese Subsidiaries
From 2026, EU groups must report gender pay gaps and face reversed burden of proof. Vietnamese subsidiaries are not directly covered — but they are a mandatory data…
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Data Violation Fines: Vietnam’s New Framework from 2026
From 19 August 2026, Decree 330/2026 sets a new fining framework for personal-data violations: VND 20 million to VND 3 billion, up to 5% of revenue for unlawful…
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The CSRD and Vietnamese Subsidiaries: ESG Data Duties
Your group must file CSRD sustainability reports in the EU — and your Vietnamese plant’s ESG data is a mandatory part of that consolidated report. Vietnamese subsidiaries are…
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Treaty Abuse Prevention: PPT, LOB and Letterbox Holding Companies
Setting up a holding company in a treaty-friendly jurisdiction for low withholding rates — this model is being squeezed worldwide. PPT and LOB clauses in modern tax treaties…
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